Adult onset diabetes, also known as Type 2 diabetes, is normally diagnosed in adults over the age of 45. However, it can begin at any age, and the increase of Type 2 diabetes in children has alarmed many health care officials. Unlike juvenile onset diabetes, Type 2 diabetes seldom requires insulin injections. Instead, it is normally managed through a program of diet, exercise, and, if needed, oral medications.
At present, diabetes can only be managed, not cured. It occurs when the body either fails to secrete insulin or when it cannot manage the insulin produced. Insulin eliminates glucose from the blood and stores it in special cells, where it can be burned for energy. If it is allowed to build up in the blood, the liver and kidneys can be damaged. A feeling of being tired all the time can also be present, since the body cannot burn sugar for energy.
Diabetes can be a silent disease, with symptoms either not present or minor enough that many patients do not recognize them. Weight loss, excessive urination, and high levels of thirst or hunger can all be symptoms of diabetes. High blood sugar levels can also cause a blurring of vision and numbness of the toes or fingers.
Uncontrolled diabetes can result in neuropathy, particularly in the feet, as well as renal damage. It also increases the chance of osteoporosis, heart disease and stroke. Recent studies suggest it may also be a risk factor in Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia.
Being overweight is one risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes. Patients with the condition, or those who are borderline, should try to reduce their body weight. Exercise is not only beneficial to weight loss, but increased cardiovascular activity also helps to control blood sugar levels.
Diet is crucial to controlling diabetes. Patients should schedule meals at approximately the same time each day. Meals should not vary substantially in terms of quantity and foods. A healthy diet, with a good balance of carbohydrates and proteins, should be followed daily.
A good diet for diabetics does not have to be an economic hardship. Many of the recommended foods carry a lower cost than most. Green leaf vegetables, such as spinach, are excellent, as are beans and oatmeal. Sweet potatoes, citrus, and tomatoes are also good choices for a diabetic diet. Since diabetes can worsen osteoporosis, dairy should be included, but only the non-fat varieties. And while sugar does not have to be avoided altogether, it should be reserved for a special treat. In addition, sweets should be planned for ahead of time through reducing the carbohydrates in the accompanying meal.
Controlling diabetes involves a partnership between the patient and his or her physician. By making the lifestyle changes needed, the symptoms can be controlled and potential complications avoided.
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